8, 32, 37
There is no validated numeric change-out trigger. Daily measurement and plotting of the parameter set is justified; the decision remains clinical and trajectory-based. Supports planned rather than emergency oxygenator exchange.
None — narrative synthesis, no comparative design
DOI 10.1051/ject/2023047
Serial monitoring of oxygenator function (fibrinogen, pre/post-membrane gases, plasma-free haemoglobin, D-dimer, platelets, flows, circuit pressures) to time oxygenator change-out
Narrative review, no systematic search reported, no risk-of-bias assessment. Cited thresholds come from heterogeneous primary sources (including neonatal series) not retrieved for this book. D-dimer units are internally inconsistent between passages (mg/dL vs mg/L). No transmembrane-pressure, oxygen-transfer or visual-inspection criteria are provided. PMID not independently confirmed.
Identifies the parameter set but derives no threshold. Reported associations: plasma-free haemoglobin >50 mg/dL after 24 h associated with mortality; haemolysis with flows >147 mL/kg/min; rising D-dimer over the days before exchange correlating with clot volume; fibrinogen >6 g/L at cannulation associated with thrombosis and <1.5 g/L with bleeding and mortality. Explicit conclusion: "While individually they are not a direct indication to change the ECMO circuit, but collectively they can provide a holistic picture."
Adult and neonatal ECMO patients, across the cited literature