🔍 Searchable Index

echo reporting, minimum dataset, limitations paragraph, study level, loading conditions, image archiving, blinded over-read, quality assurance, medico-legal, incidental findings, handover, PRICES statement

ARDS, acute cor pulmonale, RV:LV area ratio 0.6, septal dyskinesia, driving pressure 18, RV-protective ventilation, prone positioning, hypercapnia PVR, inhaled nitric oxide, cardiogenic versus ARDS B-lines

lung ultrasound, BLUE protocol, A-lines, B-lines, lung sliding, lung point, pneumothorax, consolidation, composite lung-heart table, B-line quantification, diaphragm thickening fraction, DVT compression

pulmonary embolism, McConnell sign, 60/60 sign, RVOT notching, thrombus in transit, RV:LV ratio, intermediate-high risk, thrombolysis, compression ultrasonography DVT, CTEPH, RV free wall thickness 5 mm

hTEE, continuous miniaturised TEE, indwelling probe, 72 hour dwell, oesophageal pressure injury, serial RV assessment, prone positioning, monitoring versus diagnostic study, no outcome evidence

FoCUS, FATE, RUSH, pump tank pipes, FEEL, eFAST, BLUE protocol, staged haemodynamic CCE protocol, checklist, escalation rule, TEE escalation criteria, what each protocol does not answer

septic cardiomyopathy, no consensus definition, myocardial depressant factors, mitochondrial dysfunction, beta receptor downregulation, GLS, diastolic dysfunction mortality, reversibility 7-10 days, levosimendan LeoPARDS, esmolol, VA-ECMO

pregnancy cardiac adaptation, supine hypotension, aortocaval compression, peripartum cardiomyopathy, pre-eclampsia, amniotic fluid embolism, mitral stenosis in pregnancy, maternal cardiac arrest, resuscitative hysterotomy

VA-ECMO, VV-ECMO, Impella, IABP, LVAD, cannula position, LV distension, aortic valve opening, Harlequin syndrome, differential hypoxaemia, recirculation, ECMO weaning aortic VTI 10 cm, ramp study, suction event

28-view TEE protocol, mid-oesophageal, transgastric, deep transgastric, bicaval, probe manipulation, anteflex retroflex, SVC collapsibility, ascending aorta blind spot, abbreviated ICU sequence

critical care echocardiography textbook, landing page, contents, 43 chapters, ASE 2025 diastolic, ASE 2025 right heart, ASE 2024 prosthetic valves, ESC EACTS 2025 valvular, AHA 2025 CPR, ESICM 2025 haemodynamics

weaning failure, WIPO, weaning-induced pulmonary oedema, spontaneous breathing trial, E/e prime rise, transmural pressure, B-lines, paired study, diaphragm thickening fraction, afterload reduction, prophylactic NIV

cardiogenic shock, SCAI SHOCK stages, 17-segment model, regional wall motion, RV infarction, ventricular septal rupture, papillary muscle rupture, free wall rupture, pseudoaneurysm, LV thrombus, cardiac power output, PAPi, IABP, Impella

formulas, stroke volume, cardiac output, BSA Du Bois, Bernoulli, PASP, AVA continuity equation, dimensionless index, MVA 220/PHT, PISA EROA, Ea Ees coupling, Devereux LV mass, cardiac power output, worked examples, error propagation

undifferentiated shock, four-question protocol, LVOT VTI, RV:LV ratio, IVC, tamponade, dynamic LVOT obstruction, SAM, vasoplegia, Ea, hyperdynamic ventricle, lung-heart integration, RUSH

neurogenic stunned myocardium, subarachnoid haemorrhage, Takotsubo, InterTAK criteria, apical ballooning, dynamic LVOT obstruction, cerebral perfusion pressure, induced hypertension, organ donor assessment, cardioembolic stroke

normal values, reference ranges, severity grading, LVEF, TAPSE, E/e prime, RV grading ASE 2025, valve stenosis thresholds, regurgitation severity, prosthetic valve ASE 2024, patient-prosthesis mismatch, fluid responsiveness thresholds, RAP estimation, Wilkins score

post-cardiotomy tamponade, loculated effusion, clot, paradoxical septal motion, reduced TAPSE after pericardiotomy, SAM after mitral repair, low cardiac output syndrome, baseline prosthetic study, TEE default

abbreviations, glossary, acute cor pulmonale, annulus reversus, Coanda effect, dimensionless index, fluid responsiveness versus tolerance, pseudo-PEA, pressure recovery, RV spiral of death, unmasking, washing jet, WIPO

transesophageal echocardiography, TEE indications, contraindications, oesophageal perforation, probe insertion, jaw thrust, laryngoscope-assisted, high-level disinfection, leak testing, sedation collapse, ETT displacement

cardiac arrest, AHA 2025 guidelines, POCUS during CPR, compression interruption, pseudo-PEA, true PEA, cardiac standstill, FEEL, TEE during CPR, post-ROSC, RV dilatation caveat, thrombolysis error

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dynamic obstruction, cardiac amyloidosis, apical sparing, 5-5-5 sign, fulminant myocarditis, tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy, lead-related TR, pacing-induced cardiomyopathy, calcium channel blocker overdose, LAST, lipid emulsion

eFAST, FAST, haemopericardium, pericardial decompression into pleura, blunt cardiac injury, RV contusion, traumatic aortic injury, isthmus, commotio cordis, massive transfusion, citrate hypocalcaemia

mitral regurgitation, Carpentier classification, primary vs secondary MR, atrial functional MR, papillary muscle rupture, flail leaflet, giant v wave, cut-off sign, pulmonary vein systolic reversal, PISA, EROA, SAM

aortic regurgitation, acute severe AR, premature mitral closure, diastolic mitral regurgitation, pressure half time, holodiastolic flow reversal, vena contracta, IABP contraindication, aortic dissection, endocarditis

critical care echocardiography, CCE, basic vs advanced competence, BCCE, ACCE, training standards, credentialling, governance, image archiving, quality assurance, scope of practice, escalation criteria

speckle tracking, global longitudinal strain, GLS, RV free wall strain, LA reservoir strain, vendor dependence, 3D echocardiography, 3D LVOT planimetry, ultrasound enhancing agent, artificial intelligence, automated EF

LVOT VTI, stroke volume, cardiac output, cardiac index, stroke volume index, low flow state, SVI 35, CSA, Du Bois BSA, SVR, Qp/Qs, thermodilution comparison, serial monitoring

aortic stenosis, AVA, continuity equation, dimensionless index, low-flow low-gradient, paradoxical LFLG, dobutamine stress echo, pseudo-severe, CT calcium score, pressure recovery, energy loss index, TAVI, right parasternal window

TTE views, PLAX, PSAX, apical four chamber, A5C, A2C, subcostal, suprasternal, right parasternal, RV-focused view, staged ICU protocol, foreshortening, end-expiration

ejection fraction, EF, Simpson biplane, visual estimation, fractional shortening, EPSS, MAPSE, tissue Doppler s prime, dP/dt, afterload dependence, hyperdynamic ventricle, longitudinal function

load dependence, valve severity grading, vena contracta, PISA, EROA, colour jet area, acute versus chronic regurgitation, low flow state, multivalve disease, ESC EACTS 2025

diastolic function, ASE 2025 algorithm, E/e prime, e prime, TR velocity, LAVi, LA reservoir strain, pulmonary vein S/D, IVRT, filling pressure, exclusions, atrial fibrillation, constriction, annulus reversus

prosthetic valve, ASE 2024, Doppler velocity index, DVI, acceleration time, effective orifice area, patient-prosthesis mismatch, structural valve deterioration, thrombus versus pannus, CT attenuation 145 HU, washing jets, paravalvular leak, acoustic shadowing

aortic dissection, type A, intramural haematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, TEE blind spot, true vs false lumen, dissection flap vs artefact, aortic measurement convention, leading edge, inner edge, IABP position

fluid responsiveness, fluid tolerance, passive leg raise, PLR, end-expiratory occlusion, mini fluid challenge, delta Vpeak, IVC distensibility, IVC collapsibility, SVC collapsibility, heart-lung interaction, tidal volume 8 mL/kg

artefact, reverberation, side lobe, mirror image, acoustic shadowing, near-field clutter, coumadin ridge, epicardial fat pad, pericardial vs pleural effusion, descending aorta landmark, ultrasound enhancing agent, contrast echo, poor windows

left atrial volume index, LAVi, LA reservoir strain, LA appendage thrombus, spontaneous echo contrast, interatrial septum, PFO, patent foramen ovale, ASD, agitated saline, bubble study, Qp/Qs, post-infarction VSD, platypnoea orthodeoxia

Doppler equation, cosine theta, insonation angle, simplified Bernoulli, expanded Bernoulli, Nyquist limit, aliasing, pulsed wave, continuous wave, tissue Doppler, VTI, velocity time integral, sweep speed

tamponade, pericardial effusion, RA systolic collapse, RV diastolic collapse, respiratory inflow variation, pulsus paradoxus, low-pressure tamponade, constrictive pericarditis, septal bounce, annulus reversus, pericardiocentesis

right ventricle, TAPSE, TAPSE/PASP, RV-PA coupling, fractional area change, RV free wall strain, PASP, RVOT acceleration time, 60/60 sign, acute cor pulmonale, septal flattening, D-shaped LV, RV spiral of death

ventriculo-arterial coupling, Ea, Ees, elastance, decoupling, end-systolic pressure volume relationship, Chen single beat, vasoplegia, unmasking, afterload mismatch

VExUS, venous congestion, hepatic vein Doppler, portal vein pulsatility, intrarenal venous Doppler, IVC plethora, congestive nephropathy, de-resuscitation, decongestion, tricuspid regurgitation confounder

mitral stenosis, mitral valve area, planimetry, pressure half time, 220/PHT, rheumatic, hockey stick, mitral annular calcification, Wilkins score, balloon valvuloplasty, rate control, tachycardia

tricuspid regurgitation, massive, torrential, hepatic vein systolic reversal, lead-related TR, atrial functional TR, TRI-SCORE, transcatheter tricuspid intervention, pulmonic regurgitation, pulmonic stenosis, carcinoid

infective endocarditis, Duke-ISCVID 2023, vegetation, perivalvular abscess, pseudoaneurysm, fistula, prosthetic valve endocarditis, TEE sensitivity, repeat imaging 5-7 days, surgical indications, vegetation size, PET/CT

ultrasound physics, knobology, axial and lateral resolution, attenuation, acoustic impedance, frame rate, harmonics, gain, time gain compensation, mechanical index, thermal index, ALARA, LVOT diameter error

NUTRIREA-1: no GRV monitoring non-inferior for VAP; ESICM AGI grading I-IV; cirrhosis-specific prokinetic survival benefit

PRESENCE trial: offering choice reduced PTSD; Cochrane review found insufficient evidence - genuine strong-trial-vs-cautious-meta-analysis tension

FEAST trial: fluid boluses increased mortality in African children, overturning global assumption

TADA avoids the word 'futility' deliberately; real data shows only 27 actual withdrawals from 974 consultations

Telestroke transforms rural hospital capability; reimbursement flows to remote specialist not local hospital - real sustainability barrier

Earplugs/eye masks improve sleep quality but not proven to reduce delirium; multicomponent bundles clearly superior

Life-threatening injury takes precedence over decontamination; 36-48h surgical window before cytopenia worsens

Counterintuitive chest compression finding; REBOA vs thoracotomy comparable outcomes; 77% distal thrombus rate

NPWT+dynamic fascial traction: 80-90% closure rates, lower mortality vs alternatives

Association vs causation gap; RADAR-2 subgroup harm signal in ventilated septic patients with early de-resuscitation

Mechanism-dependent agent selection; MBL producers remain the persistent gap; colistin's genuine demotion (RESTORE-IMI 1)

2024 ATS guideline against routine empiric antifungals; Candida score trigger; rezafungin once-weekly dosing

Strong process-outcome evidence, honestly mixed hard-outcome data (HAP/VAP meta-analysis found no mortality benefit)

Unresolved debate: is NCSE independently harmful or just a severity marker; ictal-interictal continuum

2023 unified guideline: single exam sufficient; strict determination/donation conflict-of-interest separation

Never abruptly stop home PDE5i or iNO - rebound RV failure/pulmonary hypertension; PDE5i+nitrate contraindication

RV systolic+diastolic coronary perfusion; norepinephrine's mixed human RV effect; caution with inodilators in RV MI

DanGer Shock: first MCS mortality benefit ever shown (45.8% vs 58.5%); VA-ECMO downgraded to Class 3

Nearly half die within 1 year; half of survivors ADL-dependent at 2 years; genuine prognostic uncertainty at trach decision point

REST trial found harm signal for routine use; targeted selective use per 2022 consensus may differ

SUPPORT trial harm signal; conflicting modern meta-analyses; confounding by indication

NPWT works for treatment (reduces mortality/reinfection) but prophylactic use showed MORE infections in one study

Remote-HIT heparin re-exposure strategy; bivalirudin CHOOSE-ON trial; diagnostic confounding in post-CPB thrombocytopenia

VHA-guided transfusion genuine evidence; three protamine reaction types; NPH insulin risk factor

Flutter/VT/AV block management; low threshold for permanent pacing given late AV block risk

Type 5 MI threshold officially 'arbitrary'; normal-troponin CABG patients hit 270x URL with no infarction

STS Expert Consensus: 3-shock rule, 5-min resternotomy target, deliberate departure from ACLS

PCCS-specific outcomes worse than general CS (34% vs 20-65%); combo IABP+ECMO improves weaning

Methylene blue vs hydroxocobalamin mixed evidence; serotonin syndrome risk with methylene blue

10-45% complex separation rate; difficulty independently predicts survival; TEE-guided approach

Complement/coagulation activation data; multi-hit hypothesis; honest skepticism on anti-inflammatory interventions

Jamieson classification; PA catheter balloon must NEVER be wedged post-PEA; massive hemoptysis emergency

ISHLT PGD 0-3 grading rule; Grade 3 linked to long-term CLAD risk

PGD drops 1-year survival 95%->75%; dd-cfDNA/GEP modern surveillance vs biopsy-only

Conflicting DAPT trials (CASCADE/DACAB/TOP-CABG); tamponade case with wrong vasopressor choice

DHCA vs ACP unresolved after a decade; devastating missed-malperfusion case study

RE-ALIGN DOAC contraindication; Merie registry challenges bioprosthetic low-risk guidance; dramatic case study

Three-tier CSC framework; Truog critique of ventilator allocation protocol workability

Up to 80% physician burnout; direct link to medical errors; systems approach vs individual resilience framing

Kirkpatrick levels 1-2 vs 3-4 gap; CVC mastery learning cut CLABSI 74% - the genuine exception

BIV vs LCV values framework; PARTNER trial mixed result; Schneiderman ethics consultation trial

28% autopsy misdiagnosis rate; bias training doesn't reliably fix real-time reasoning

Closed vs open ICU mortality data; tele-ICU outcome trial; nurse ratio evidence

Epic Sepsis Model deployment failure (AUC 0.63) vs TREWS/Sepsis Watch validated success

15 Gaba/Rall principles; closed-loop communication; strong sim evidence, thinner real-outcome data

SPIKES framework; ICUconnect trial found unequal benefit across racial groups

PALACS: pericardiotomy nearly halves POAF but no 30-day outcome benefit yet shown

CONSCIOUS trials: angiographic vasospasm reduced, functional outcome not improved

EPaNIC, PermiT, EFFORT Protein/PRECISe/TARGET Protein

NOTE: overlaps with 9. Refeeding Syndrome (Endocrine) - manual review needed. Doig RCT evidence review

SMART vs BaSICS/PLUS; pre-enrollment fluid exposure

Contrast with Goals of Care's cautionary findings

eCASH; SPICE III/MENDS2 vs PADIS guideline tension

23%/30% error reduction vs weaker replication at higher study rigor

Prevention-during-ICU vs disappointing post-discharge evidence

TEAM trial's prediction-accuracy lesson

Carson et al. and condolence-letter harm signals

SAFE's rare decisive result; persistent shock-specific signal

CIWA-Ar's non-verbal-patient limitation; phenobarbital evidence

Delphi consensus; nighttime discharge mortality signal

PREVENT trial; LMWH vs UFH

PENT screening tool for non-cooperative patients

VIP1/VIP2/COVIP; frailty over chronological age

NOTE: possible duplicate with another 2. Ruptured AAA page - worth a manual check

2025 exploratory analysis narrows window to ~90 min

NNT 274; WOMAN-2 negative prevention result

Full revision incorporating recent landmark trials

ANNEXA-I: surrogate efficacy met, clinical outcome not improved

HEMOTION/TRAIN exception for acute brain injury

2022 SHEA/IDSA updates; SDD flagged as unresolved

SIRS/MEWS over qSOFA; source control timing; active de-resuscitation

Pooled-vs-individual-trial tension

BALANCE trial; source-control-dependent duration table

Contrasts with TTM's fever-avoidance recommendation

Augmented renal clearance; BLING III Bayesian reframing

Single-center enthusiasm to LOVIT harm signal

Full revision incorporating March 2026 SSC guideline

ADRENAL vs APROCCHSS discordance; fludrocortisone practice gap

Shrinking effect size as fixed-duration stewardship matures

Leuven-to-NICE-SUGAR arc; 140-180 mg/dL standard

NOTE: overlapping deep-dive exists in Miscellaneous Topics - see index note

Propensity-matched/counterfactual evidence vs traditional teaching

STARRT-AKI; watchful-waiting with defined boundary

Practice-resolving REVISE trial

ABCDEF bundle; MIND-USA, AID-ICU, melatonin controversy

Phenotype-driven agent selection; SSC ladder

TTM2; fever prevention vs hypothermia; HYPERION exception

EF-mortality dissociation; RV dysfunction as better marker

ARREST vs INCEPTION; systems-dependency of outcomes

Catheter-directed thrombolysis intermediate-high-risk PE

Morelli's dramatic result vs STRESS-L's harm signal

Dynamic vs static measures; CLASSIC/CLOVERS equipoise

Frequentist negative vs 96% Bayesian posterior probability

Clinical-prediction-failure lesson

Dose-response explanation for largest single-trial effect

Risk-stratified extubation planning; NIV/HFNC timing

UK-ROX 2025; population-specific signals

MACOCHA, DAS 2025, SOCCA Delphi, INTUBE

Primary-vs-secondary-outcome caution; HIGH trial discordance

Comparator drift, not the drug, explains the discordance

Ehrmann meta-trial; dose-response duration finding

Subira's mortality finding and co-intervention confound

Agent-specific divergence under shared negative headline